Success of High School Musical free essay sample

The soundtrack of the Disney unique film â€Å"High School Musical† was discharged in January 2006, appearing close to the base of the Top 200 in the United States. After seven weeks, after the Disney Channel debut of the film, it hit #1. Disney realized that the film would have been enormous, yet nobody could anticipate that this melodic, with a cast of six obscure entertainers would turn into an overall marvel. The advancement of the film began on New Year’s Eve in Disney Channel, presenting the cast and playing some melodic sections of the film as music recordings publicizing the film debut in January. It proceeded with free downloads of the #1 single â€Å"Breaking free†, 4 singles on overwhelming turn in the 56 Radio Disney stations and making the verses of the considerable number of tunes accessible on disneychannel. com. The story, depicted as a cutting edge â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† by means of â€Å"Grease† it’s a genuine melodic set in a High School, and there hasn’t been in any way similar to that since Grease. We will compose a custom article test on Achievement of High School Musical or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Besides, the focused on age for the film (8-14) was living in an age incredibly associated with the web, and the film came out precisely in the perfect time, soon after Christmas when such a significant number of iPods and iTunes present cards were sold and this age bunch was eager for content for their iPods. The universal discharge came months after the fact following a similar procedure, however in a â€Å"think worldwide, act local† way. The film was meant 30 dialects, adjusting to the 290 million watchers in the 100 nations were it was appeared, there were adjustments of the lead singles by neighborhood groups and singing in the nearby language, and in certain nations like India even the soundtrack was named, making it 100%

Customer Service Training Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Client support Training - Assignment Example he paper will distinguish courses through which lacks would be disposed of by advocating the utilization of requirements evaluation of the company’s given worker preparing program. Without a doubt, preparing can assume an essential job for the achievement of an association. Associations (related with client care explicitly) hold different instructional meetings as it is one of the fitting methods to meet the objectives and destinations and to achieve proficient creation. Instructional course for new representatives encourages them to settle in the new condition and become accustomed to with the company’s strategies. Besides, these instructional meetings additionally helps the new representatives with respect to the better utilization of innovation and IT (Handy, 2008). Since client support is an extremely fragile and significant angle for any business, in this way, it ought to be noticed that the new workers must learn routes through which they can perform better. Likewise, it can make their very own unflinching group that tends to beat issues and satisfy the client prerequisites under each condition (Marquardt, 2000). The most ideal approach to hold an instructional meeting for the new representatives is through necessities evaluation method. There is a devoted need to recognize the escape clauses or the real preparing needs that are required by the organization, and ought to be organized. For instance in the current instance of preparing new workers, there is a conspicuous need to address them the fundamental principles and arrangements of the organization with respect to client administrations and how it hangs out in the market. Moreover, there are various assignments and capacities that is impossible without appropriate preparing or direction, for instance, the utilization of innovation/IT in the organization, and so on. This methodology would bring about principal returns by contributing time and preparing on the representatives by effectively distinguishing the fundamental needs, issues in client support, and other business related questions, while it additionally helps improperly delegating the correct worker at the ideal spot (Evenson,

Higher Education Essay Topics - How to Find Essay Topics That Will Stand Out

Higher Education Essay Topics - How to Find Essay Topics That Will Stand OutTo be really successful in your college essays, you have to make sure that you write your essays on higher education essay topics. Writing a college essay is not easy as it sounds. You need to be very particular about the topics that you choose to write about and know how to choose the best topics that will create a good impact in the eyes of your reader.First of all, it is important things for you to make your essay topics specific and precise. Many students lose focus on this aspect. Instead, they try to find subjects that are more general in nature and use them as a way to find interesting facts and details. They do not really think about whether their topic is specific or not.If you are using a generic topic, you should first consider what the subject matter is. In other words, what are the main ideas that you are going to discuss in your essay? You need to find out what these ideas are before you actuall y start writing your essay. This is very important as this will give you an idea of what to talk about.Your higher education essay topics should be chosen based on what you want to say in your essay. Most students realize this fact only after they have written a few essays. You should know why you want to write your essay and how you want to say it.The use of different kinds of words can also help you come up with higher education essay topics. In general, you should stick to a particular sentence or two per paragraph. However, you should remember that every sentence has to have a point. You should make sure that your sentences can stand on their own.Another important thing to keep in mind is that you should write on the topic of your choice at a pace that suits you. It is not recommended that you write a whole article in just one day. Try to work at a pace that you can manage. Doing so will allow you to stay focused and concentrate on your topic.Writing higher education essay topic s is not something that you can do easily. You need to be very determined about this. Remember that this is not just about writing an essay; it is also about convincing your reader to be interested in your topic.This is a type of writing that requires you to express different opinions. It is not a place where you can simply pass judgment on the individuals that you are discussing. Keep this in mind, and you will definitely find high education essay topics that will be effective in your efforts.

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1066 Words

I:Pride and Prejudice by, Jane Austen II: The setting of the story in Pride and Prejudice is 19th century Longbourn, England. It starts out close around winter time and proceeds from there. If the setting were different and it wasn’t around winter time, the course of the story would change. It would cause ripple effects and the whole plotline would be different. III: Here are some main characters from the novel Pride and Prejudice: First we have the protagonist of the story, Elizabeth â€Å"Lizzy† Bennet. She is the second daughter to Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. She obtains quick-witted and a little bit sassy throughout the story. Highly agreeable, clever, and honest, Lizzy will not let anybody get in the way of what she truly wants. Next is the†¦show more content†¦He is pretty wealthy, working as a clergyman near Rosing’s Park. Mrs. Bennet is a crazy mother who is obsessed with getting her daughters married. She is the mother of five daughters who take a minor part to the story. Mrs. Bennet is f oolish and noisy and obnoxious to almost everyone in the book. But in my opinion, I find her simply curious and excited. She wants her daughters to find love...but it isn’t really love she is seeking. It is wealth. She makes decisions for them without their consent, but the daughters go along with it for the most part. Mrs. Bennet would not be considered a very agreeable woman. Mr. Bennet is the last major character of the story. He is the husband to Mrs. Bennet and father to the five Bennet girls. He becomes highly irritated with the marriage drama proceeding to take its way. Especially his wife babbling on and on about the different balls and how charming and uncharming different men are. He is not very patient. IV: The main conflict of the story has two parts. One part is Mr. Darcy’s try to win Lizzy’s love. He wants to be with her and prove he is more than who everyone thinks he is. Elizabeth, on the other hand, is having a hard time putting that aside. She has everyone inside of her head. Her mother pressuring her into marriage with the first â€Å"agreeable† man she sees. She is fancied by other men and they want her hand in marriage. She has to make up her mind. Does she want to please other people, or be

Essay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House - 1485 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Doll’s House, a play by Henrik Ibsen, tells the story of Nora, the wife of Torvald Helmer, who is an adult living as a child, kept as a doll by her husband. She is expected to be content and happy living in the world Torvald has created for her. By studying the play and comparing and contrasting the versions presented in the video and the live performance, one can analyze the different aspects of it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ibsen’s purpose for writing this piece is to entertain while pointing out an injustice. Through the events of the play, Nora becomes increasingly aware of the confines in which Torvald has placed her. He has made her a doll in her own house, one that is expected to keep happy and†¦show more content†¦You settled everything according to your taste; and I got the same tastes as you†¦I lived by performing tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so. You and father have done me a great wrong. It’s your fault that my life has been wasted†¦[O]ur house has been nothing but a play-room. Here I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I used to be papa’s doll-child†¦I thought it fun when you played with me†¦ Here, Nora pulls together the tragic circumstances. She sees that she was never truly happy in the house, just content. Her father kept her as a child would a doll, and Torvald continued this when they were married. They formed her opinions for her, set expectations to which she was supposed to adhere, and wrote a vague script of how she was supposed to act. She was like a puppet, with no thoughts or actions of her own. When she finally realizes the injustice being done to her, she decides to free herself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The different versions of A Doll’s House studied offer different points of view. The stage version presents a third person-limited point of view. The audience knows everything going on the scene being played out before them, but cannot see beyond the set. They see the movements and hear the dialogue between all the characters within the limitations of the stage.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Henrik Isbens A Dolls House1015 Words   |  5 Pages Independence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most of us live a life where we do what we want and when we want without anyone telling us how to live our lives. This wasn’t the case in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, where he illustrates to us how one woman lives a life through her father and husband. Throughout the play we see how a once childish like woman gains her independence and a life of her own. Ibsen shows us a very realistic play that demonstrates how on the outside Nora and Torvald seem toRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll House examines a woman’s struggle for independence in her marriage and social world. Through the use of character change, Ibsen conveys his theme that by breaking away from all social expectations, we can be true to ourselves. When Ibsen presents Nora Helmer, we see a â€Å"perfect† wife, who lives in a â€Å"perfect† house with a â€Å"perfect† husband and chil dren. The Helmer children have a nanny that raises them. By having the nanny, Nora has the freedom to come and go as sheRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pages Nora is a captivating character in Ibsens A Dolls House. She swings between extremes: she is either very happy or immensely depressed, prosperous or completely desperate, wise or naive, impotent or purposeful. You can understand this range in Nora, because she staggers between the person she pretends to be and the one she someday hopes to become. Throughout the play, Nora is portrayed as subordinate to her male counterpart, Torvald. As most other men during this time, Torvald believed that womenRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay739 Words   |  3 Pages A Dolls House By Henrik Ibsen Dramatic Critique The P’s Person: Nora, Torvald Helmer’s wife, and mother of Ivar, Bob, and Emmy. Peculiar trait: On the surface Nora’s peculiar trait seems to be her obsession for money. Her internal peculiar trait is that she desires to become significant to her husband. She spends money on material objects to decorate their home and dress up the family. The impression of the home appears perfect, like a doll’s house. Passion: Nora’s passion isRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesIbsens A Dolls House In Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House†, in Act Two Scene 6, Nora’s deceptive behaviour and desperation reaches its climax due to the arrival of the letter. This is because the letter contains the means she used to get hold of the money. During the time when the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play the role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children and made sure that everything around the house was perfectRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essays733 Words   |  3 Pages In many literary works, there are characters in which portray both similarities and differences. In the Play A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, two of the characters have many oppositions and congruencies. These characters go by the names of Nora Helmer and Mrs. Linde. Ibsen characterizes these women by describing their comparable and contrasting personalities. He does this by describing their financial situations as well as their family lives. He describes these women, as opposites while in factRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsenamp;#8217;s A Dollamp;#8217;s House, considers a very delicate situation experienced by a Scandinavian family in 1879. Nora Helmer, the main character and adored wife of Torvald faces a life-altering dilemma. She has to decide whether to remain with her obsessive husband in his sheltered home, playing the part of a doll, or take the initiative to leave and seek out her own individuality. There are three minor characters that have a significant impact on the final decision that NoraRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages A Doll’s House nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In past history, society has been both very prejudiced and traditional with its view of gender roles. Often times a woman would not have had the same right to something as a man did. Many women however went against the law and tradition to do what they thought was right. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, Nora does something that is unimaginable during the time period. Nora’s husband Torvald believes he is the man of the house and that his wifeRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pageshusband, he becomes understandably agitated; in his frustration he shares the outside world with her, the ignorance of the serious business world, and destroys her innocence and self-esteem. This disillusion marks the final destructive blow to her dolls house. Their ideal home including their marriage and parenting has been a fabrication for the sake of society. Noras decision to leave this false life behind and discover for herself what is real is directly symbolic of womans ultimate realizationRead More Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House During the time in which Henrik Isbens play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Nora is portrayed as a doll throughout the play until she realizes the truth about the world she lives in, and cuts herself free. Nora Helmer was a delicate

Light Association, Shaping Our Understanding Essay examples

Paradise Lost Light Association, Shaping Our Understanding Altering an audiences opinion is a struggle that many writers face; it is always possible, however, to unite the reader with the speakers position. In Paradise Lost by John Milton, the author attempted to persuade his readers into thinking that the theme of obedience to God will keep you in a blissful state and disobedience will keep you in a wretched state by the use of light in his books. God is associated with a radiant white light; while on the other hand, Satan is affiliated with a dark shady black. With this use of this contrast of symbolism of light and dark, there is a clear distinction that light is righteousness and more desired than the darkness, which is†¦show more content†¦Notice how Milton uses the word fair to describe the light. His audience gets a tranquil feeling one in which any one would like to submit themselves to in order to achieve. Security is hard to get in the world people live in but in the heavenly light it makes you calm and peaceful. That is the message stated here. The luminescence beam of light is intoxicating and draws its reader towards this image of heaven. Milton knowing his audience is predominantly Christian, he can indulge their interest knowing very well of their desires for God. The divine light can be represented in the story of Moses when God spoke to him as a burning bush. Light is one of the greatest religious symbols a person can use because of its wide range of meanings, such as, truth, goodness, heaven, etc. For the quote above the reader can determine that light intensity can determine reverence towards God. Moreover, the light can be viewed as something spiritual which for his audience could have related more to. For example, Milton wrote, Heavn, this our delight; how wearisom Eternity so spent in worship paid [2.245]. Heaven has a radiant shine and makes people feel comfortable yearning for this goal. This light is a healing and a craving for people to work for. Knowing this, Milton further trys t o expand that God is the good guy by using the word delight. This word choice has a deep impact on the reader by telling them what they think is goodShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Conditioned Stimulus (Light Intensity) on Movement Ratio1033 Words   |  4 PagesConditioned Stimulus (Light Intensity) on Movement Ratio Innate or instinctive behaviors are thought to be inherited behavioral responses to a particular event or stimulus (e.g., modal action pattern). A reflexive response could be characterized as an involuntary response pertaining to a specific stimulus, for example dust irritating the nasal passageway eliciting a sneeze. The concept of the reflex was described in the works of Renà © Descartes who was influential in our understanding of involuntary behaviorRead MoreThe Human Experience764 Words   |  4 Pagesis the operation by which individuals secure the capacity to see and acknowledge lingo, and also to convey and use words and sentences to grant. quintessential human traits, Humanness is gotten from a lifted decent code and this is reflected in our claims to fame, particularly composing, wherein we may briefly reflect upon quintessential human traits, for instance, kindheartedness. Incidentally, verbalization of articulations of the human experience is simply expert by the individual being a bitRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Criticism : The Ontological, Psychological, And Pedagogical800 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Criticism, English 3024, should remain as a requirement for students majoring in English- Rhetoric, writing, and culture. This course is critical in shaping the future minds of society. It exposes students to various methodologies of thought, while at the same time, assists students in formulating and refining their own thought process. The students enrolled in English 3024 not only challenge their mind but are encouraged to use their mind in order to challenge. For example, PlatoRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 Page scare system they practice in. At times the advocacy requires a nurse leader to become more involved beyond their immediate level of practice and into the world of politics and policy. The health care practice arena is impacted by decisions made by our legislative bodies at the federal and state levels. The changes in health care delivery methods, together with the political process and politicians increased involvement in health care development and policy making, have left nurses in the positionRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States1717 Words   |  7 PagesIn an attempt to demonstrate the absurdity of the drug abuse problems in the United States, it should be brought to light that the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use Health estimated that â€Å"27 million people aged 12 or older have used an illicit drug in the past 30 days† (Hedden, Kennet, Lipari, Medley, Tice, 2015). As gun violence has become a popular topic in America over the past few years due to its’ related deaths, many Americans’ fail to realize that more people are dying from drug overdoseRead MoreAnarchism and Elitism in the United States780 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States was founded with the vision for freedom. Oppression had been experienced by our founding fathers and they knew it was absolutely necessary to provide structure to prevent oppressive governments in the future. The solution was a limited government that bordered the edge of anarchy, yet just enough structure to have order and civility. The design was to stay far from elitism so no government could control the people and allow the people to control the government. Today’s current politicalRead MoreThe Theory Of Creativity : The Centre Of The Creativity Process1650 Words   |  7 Pagesplace the origin of creativity stemming from the individual or through the ‘creative ideas’ they produce. Other theories such as those proposed by psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi suggest that creativity begins with the interaction of three shaping factors the: person, field and domain. This essay will first discuss how the individual has been seen as the centre of the creativity process. It will then discuss how the three main forces described in Csikszentmihalyi’s systems perspective ofRead MoreCivic Responsibility in Nursing699 Words   |  3 Pages p. 16). In light of this statement, I took a â€Å"Political Astuteness Inventory† and was quite surprised at my score, for I could only honestly check mark 17 of the 34 statements. My 17 checkmarks are clustered mainly around my civic duty of registering to vote as well as making decisions and working collaboratively in my workplace. I do not actively participate in influencing the legislative policy makers’ decisions. â€Å"Political astuteness is defined as awareness and understanding of legislativeRead MoreAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding Personality1681 Words   |  7 PagesAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic approa ch to understanding personality The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud. This approach towards personality is based on the notion of underlying forces such as the id, ego and superego which are either present from birth or develop during childhood shape our behaviour and personality as such. Experiences in childhood are proposed to be the basis of human personality, according to Freud and as such Psychodynamic theory proposesRead MoreThe World Problems Of North America1516 Words   |  7 PagesWords are powerful. When the average person in North America hears the term ‘first world’ or the phrase ‘first world problems’ it’s merely a way of classifying our world, and is not that deep. For many, ‘first world’ refers to countries that are advance and are leading the rest of the world such as Canada and the US. Conversely, many people would refer to many countries in Africa as ‘third world.’ ‘First world problems’ is an expression people f rom the first world nations use to complain about nonsensical

Universal Circuits Inc. Case Study free essay sample

Finance 405 After receiving a telex from the Controller of the Irish plant, who is an integral employee at Universal Circuits, we had to make a tough decision regarding his request to hedge against the US dollar depreciating. If the US dollar depreciates, manufacturing would be shifted from his Irish plant to the US plants, which in turn would negatively affect his potential bonus. We acknowledge this risk, which would be incurred to him, but also cannot afford for him to hedge against the company’s interest as a whole. The company uses the Irish plant itself as Universal’s hedge against foreign exchange risk, shifting manufacturing accordingly in order to take advantage of the lower cost of production. What we decided on was to strike a balance between putting the exchange rate risk on our employees and our shareholders. We plan to continue to follow Mr. Kriesler strategy of selective hedging, while incorporating Pierre Bourquin’s idea of dynamic strategy to reduce our economic exposure. We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Circuits Inc. Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to keep the Irish plant controller’s exposure to exchange rate risk at a minimum, we would like to implement a monthly valuation process to respond to a fluctuation of company sales and exchange rates. What we are aiming to do is to guarantee the Irish plant controller a small bonus if the Punt appreciates against the dollar and the manufacturing is shifted from Irish to US plants. We want to put a limited hedge on his exchange rate risk he faces, as his bonus is tied to the Irish plant’s manufacturing performance. But, we do not want to fully hedge, and reverse our company’s original hedge using the Irish plant for manufacturing. Based on our equation in appendix #1, the bonus will fluctuate (on a monthly basis) as dependent on the change in exchange rates and change in monthly sales. The greater the fluctuation in exchange rates, the larger the bonus  will amount to. The same goes for the variable side of the bonus in terms of an increase in monthly sales from the previous year average. If the exchange rates remain constant and monthly sales do not increase, there will be a bottom fixed payment for the minimum monthly bonus. From a general standpoint, we are taking the previous year’s sales and converting into a monthly sales basis to give a proper valuation method for the fixed portion of the bonus. We are also using the max and min functions to appropriately compensate and comply with the company hedge already in place based on fluctuations in exchange rates. The obvious upside to the new compensation is that the controller will be kept happy and given an incentive to work harder. The biggest downside to our strategy is that the new compensation structure will inevitably cost the company more money. In addition, Universal Circuits views the Irish plant as a hedging strategy against foreign exchange fluctuations, therefore this small hedge is counterintuitive to the company because it reveres a portion of the hedge of the Irish Plant. For our purposes we want to be cost effective and sympathetic in terms of the bonus system in place for the controller. Another con of the new compensation structure is employee sentiment. Employees in the Irish plant my see this as a sign of not being appreciated and this could subsequently affect their overall productivity. The main benefit to this plan is it allows the controller of the Irish Plant to be hedged against a depreciation of the U.S Dollar. This allows the company to retain his skill and experience through protecting his job; as the U.S. Dollar depreciates, production shifts to the United States, limiting the output of the Irish Plant.

Cult Leaders And Their Abuse Of Power Essays - Manson Family

Cult Leaders And Their Abuse Of Power Although power should be used with virtue by those with those with good intentions, many of the world's most powerful people use power in ways that purposefully harm other people, the most famous example of this case being Adolf Hitler during World War II. More generally, this includes some past (and present) members of the Royal families, some political leaders as well as a few religious leaders who have used their power to manipulate those lower than them in social status. An example of a power-abusing religious leader is Reverend Jim Jones who initiated a ritual suicide to protest racism and fascism. Although in his own mind he had food intentions, to save the world from the Armageddon, he was insane and in the overabundance of power, he was able to kill more than 900 people. It is unclear whether Jim Jones had committed suicide at the ritual or was shot by another, so it is uncertain to say that he had any intentions to die also. Although his protests were for good moral purposes, it was wrong of him to use his status as chairman of the Housing Authority and award receiver to gather extra followers to join the suicide. Here he had overstepped the line to abuse the power he was appointed by putting other people's lives at jeopardy. Being in his position, he was most likely aware that he had many supporters believing in him who would gladly follow his lead. It is at this point where he chose to abuse his power by taking advantage of the people who had the most respect and admiration for him. Charles Manson is an example of a cult leader who abused his power, however with intentions very unlike Jim Jones'. Charles Manson wanted revenge for all the wrong he had encountered which is much more selfish and very different from Jim Jones. Charles Manson had experienced a very bumpy childhood being the son of a teenage, bisexual, alcoholic prostitute. Being shuffled between homes of relatives and orphanages, it is not surprising to see that his criminal activity sprouted from a very early age. Manson's incredibly charisma attracted many hippies and he managed to earn himself s reputation as god-like in the eyes of many beautiful girls. When Manson and his Family settled down in Spahn Ranch he was able to sleep with a different girl each night. Not only this, but he had the power to make his Family members murder whomever he was unhappy with. In fact, the Family members were often more than happy to commit murder is it pleased Charles Manson. The Family used particularly gruesome methods of homicide and one woman had even contemplated carving an unborn baby out of the body of a murdered woman, as it would have made Manson proud. Charles Manson managed to brainwash his followers and make them worship like a god. He abused power severely by ordering his Family members to kill people, often random, for his satisfaction. Being in his position, he could have prevented all the murders however he chose not to, and never hesitated to even discourage them. Social Issues

Free Essays on Article Anylysis

Action Comprehension In reading the article titled, Action Comprehension, by Patric Bach, GÃ ¼nther Knoblich, & Wolfgang Prinz, I learned about action comprehension. I learned that the assumption of common event representations bears powerful explanatory potential to address important issues in action comprehension. By action comprehension I mean all processes that are involved in parsing sequences of actions and extracting meaning from them. The ultimate goal of this project was to find out whether the comprehension of action sequences relies on action-related structures. The rationale behind this claim is that common event representations might become organized into larger script-like chunks without becoming detached from the motor system. This would make action-related information readily available to support the analysis of the meaning of action sequences. As a single word can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of a sentence, a single action can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of an action sequence. Moreover, as grammatical rules impose constraints on the order syntactic types in a sentence, action rules impose constraints on the order of actions in an action sequence. In order to test whether a similar pattern is found for action comprehension, they developed an experimental model based on the game rock, paper, and scissors. The task was to detect violations of syntax, semantics, or both. By measuring the time it takes to detect different types of errors under different conditions one can determine whether the syntax and semantics of action sequences are processed in parallel and automatically and whether the syntactic analysis is faster than the semantic analysis. A series of experiments demonstrated that all of the above said is the case. Hence, the pattern of results for action comprehension is quite similar to that observed in sentence comprehension.... Free Essays on Article Anylysis Free Essays on Article Anylysis Action Comprehension In reading the article titled, Action Comprehension, by Patric Bach, GÃ ¼nther Knoblich, & Wolfgang Prinz, I learned about action comprehension. I learned that the assumption of common event representations bears powerful explanatory potential to address important issues in action comprehension. By action comprehension I mean all processes that are involved in parsing sequences of actions and extracting meaning from them. The ultimate goal of this project was to find out whether the comprehension of action sequences relies on action-related structures. The rationale behind this claim is that common event representations might become organized into larger script-like chunks without becoming detached from the motor system. This would make action-related information readily available to support the analysis of the meaning of action sequences. As a single word can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of a sentence, a single action can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of an action sequence. Moreover, as grammatical rules impose constraints on the order syntactic types in a sentence, action rules impose constraints on the order of actions in an action sequence. In order to test whether a similar pattern is found for action comprehension, they developed an experimental model based on the game rock, paper, and scissors. The task was to detect violations of syntax, semantics, or both. By measuring the time it takes to detect different types of errors under different conditions one can determine whether the syntax and semantics of action sequences are processed in parallel and automatically and whether the syntactic analysis is faster than the semantic analysis. A series of experiments demonstrated that all of the above said is the case. Hence, the pattern of results for action comprehension is quite similar to that observed in sentence comprehension....

Discussion about a book called ministry of fear Assignment

Discussion about a book called ministry of fear - Assignment Example This paper thus helps to provide an insight depicting the relationship that began brewing between Arthur and Anna during the time that the two spent together, trying to reconcile differences as well as understand that their hate for each other could actually be transformed into pure love. Anna is a young Austrian woman and her brother is a Nazi spy, however, even then, she takes Rowe’s side and helps him uncover the Nazi agents that he is about to have an encounter with. Throughout the course of the story, she tries her best to warn him and keep him out of trouble, only because she realises that she has fallen in love with the Englishman. The author writes, â€Å"It is impossible to go through life without trust: That is to be imprisoned in the worst cell of all, oneself.† (Greene, Graham) This is very apt of the book itself because of the kind of relation that developed between Anna and Arthur despite the two belonging to different sides. Greene has tried to portray, t hrough Anna and Arthur, how love can take various forms in the worst of situations. The main reason for the existence of their relationship is to try and safeguard each other from the circumstance they have been thrust into.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Research Paper Example The government re-evaluated its pesticide policy to make it environmental friendly considering the book as a whistleblower. Without Silent Spring we would have still continued our poor pesticide policy reign without any room for betterment or re-consideration. When industrial revolution was at its peak, several people including Karl Marx warned about overproduction and the recession which will follow it. When slavery was at its peak, people like Harriet Beecher Stowe created works like "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which posed a moral question to the US population (Logomasini, 2007). Carson was the first person to raise a voice regarding environmental protection in her era. The first chapter of the book "A Fable for Tomorrow" describes a serene town which lived in co-existence with nature. The second chapter starts with the verse "The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings". According to Carson, humans are just a part of nature. Nature is not created to serve the mankind and trying to control nature for minor comforts will only lead to major discomforts. Rachel Carson known as "the nun of the nature" was born in Springdale in 1907. She grew up beside a factory in a landlocked area. She studied in Zoology the Pittsburgh Chatham University and later at the Johns Hopkins University. After completing a Master's degree she worked in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Her natural writing interest prompted her to contribute to magazines like the Reader's Digest (Griswold, 2012). She wrote three best sellers prior to Silent Spring, "The Sea around Us", "Under the Sea - Wind" and â€Å"The Edge of the Sea". Rachel was affected with severe breast cancer and suffered a painful death. Silent Spring emphasizes the theme, using pesticides to kill all the insects will eventually harm the food and the soil affecting the food chain, getting rid of all the bird species. The spring filled with bird chirrups and colourful bu tterflies will remain absolutely silent. The humans consuming this food constantly will suffer from various diseases and the cycle of birth will be banned. Throughout the seventeen chapters of the book, Carson continues to explain how aerial spraying of chemicals affects the natural food cycle by eliminating all the insects totally. The harvest in certain seasons might be high, but the chemicals used to kill the insects stays within the food grown and causes various diseases like cancer, to the people consuming the food. "Unlike the natural process of chemicals coming into the world where the earth takes millions of years to adjust to it, there is no such time for the earth to adjust to every synthetic chemical introduced into the world" states Carson. In her third chapter â€Å"Elixirs of Death† she goes on to explain about the origins of DDT and how it had been thrust upon the farmers after the World War II. She claims Dieldrin as a poison 40 times more harmful than DDT. It was a commonly used pesticide used to kill vermin in many parts of the US. The fourth chapter â€Å"Surface Water and Underground Seas† explores how the water washed into the seas and oceans from the chemically affected land shrinks our water sources endangering the whole humankind. It affects the fish in the sea and the birds consuming them too. Though these types of massacres are not intentionally planned, it is important to realize the side effects of using pesticides for high yield. The

Interaction nexus between real estate market and macroeconomics

Interaction nexus between real estate market and macroeconomics In this chapter, I will review the existing researches about the interaction nexus between real estate market and macroeconomics while analyzing and summarizing the data structure and the methodologies used. Considering Chinas specific national conditions and policies, I will shed light on Chinese housing empirical studies, and estimate their research from different economic aspects, expecting to provide a useful perspective for my further research. Housing price is the price formed by both supply and demand sides in the real estate market. According to the fluctuations in property prices in each country, housing prices generally have three characteristics: periodicity, city differences, and bubble. Periodicity refers to how real estate price fluctuations are cyclically or periodically associated with both microeconomic and macroeconomics fluctuations. Early in the 1960s, after Richard Muth (1960) rigorously developed a housing market competitive theory, a lot of economist studied the housing market from the perspective of microeconomics. In 1969, under a lot of assumptions, Olsen (1969) found that if the housing market were perfectly competitive, the poor would not pay more per unit for housing. However, in the survey done by Richard Arnott (1987), which reviewed the microeconomic modeling of the housing sector developed at that time, it was found that even if the competitive theory of housing market is reasonably sophisticated and well developed, it is still hard to ascertain the adequacy of it in explaining the effects of a particular housing policy since there are no well-articulated alternative models. Then, in later years, scholars focused more on the study of the relationship between the real estate market and macroeconomic fundamentals. According to business cycle theory, there is interaction between real estate prices and macroeconomic fundamental variables. One or more macroeconomic variables will cause fluctuations in real estate prices, but, in the meantime, changes in the real estate industry also will lead to macroeconomic volatility. In the change process, they formed a mutually reinforcing interaction mechanism. On the basis of the existing literature, macroeconomics affect real estate prices primarily through the real estate supply and demand, which can be subdivided into GDP, income, consumption, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, construction costs, land prices, bank credit, and other basic economic variables. In order to understand the impact of real estate price fluctuations on the macroeconomics, most existing studies analyzed from the perspective that the prices affect total consumption and total investment. Since there is a close relationship between real estate prices and macroeconomic volatility, the empirical research of their interactive relationship has always been very important in the field of economics. At present, the relevant research literatures can be divided into two categories: (a) The first type mainly analyzes the relationship between real estate prices and the whole macroeconomic fundamentals; (b) The second type analyzes the relationship between real estate prices and one or several specific macro-basic variables (GDP, income, interest rates, investment and so on). We will now detail the two types. 2.2 Housing prices and macroeconomic fundamentals The real estate industry has become a mature industry in many developed countries. According to existing literature, most of the economists empirical research is derived primarily from the perspective of equilibrium theory. Based on the traditional regression analysis model, they used more independent linear systems, numerical economic models and others to analyze the dataGenerally speaking, the macroeconomic fundamentals will affect the investment, credit, and also, the change of interest rate will affect the supply of real estate. On the other hand, economic growth will affect the income and thus affect the demand for real estate. According to equilibrium theory, under the market competition mechanism, the market will eventually be cleared through real estate prices. However, Case and Shiller(1987, 1989, 1990) found that the housing market does not appear to be very efficient; it is contrary to the efficient market hypothesis. Then, in Clapp and Giaccottos study (1994), they not only confirmed Case and Shillers (1987, 1989, 1990) result but also found macroeconomic changes have a good predictive ability for real estate prices. Clapp and Giaccotto (1994) used the data of East Hartford, Manchester, and West Hartford over the period from October 1, 1981, to September 30, 1988, with 2 methods: the repeat sales method and the assessed value (AV) method. They found that the local unemployment and expected inflation have considerable forecasting ability for the housing prices; and compare with the first-time house, the repeat housing index is more sensitive in the short run due to the lagged economic factors; It showed the housing market does not meet the efficient market hypothesis (Clapp and Giaccotto, 1994). With a much longer data set than common literature, Holly and Jones (1997) provided a more comprehensive perspective on the behavior of housing prices in UK. In order to seek the co-integrating relationships between housing prices and long run, they ran a regression with the housing prices and economic factors such as real income, the user cost, and building society lending. The results showed that, with the exception of population, almost all the factors were rejected at the 1% level in the unit root test, and that the most important determinant of real housing prices was real income; the dynamic adjustment of housing prices is asymmetrical; it depends on whether housing prices are below or above the long run equilibrium. When housing prices are above equilibrium, they seem to adjust back more quickly (Holly and Jones, 1997). But, Brown, Haiyan, and McGillivray (1997) thought that since the early 1980s, the UK housing market had suffered a number of structural changes; consequently, the parameter was instable, meaning those models that assume the underling data-generating process are not appropriate. Under an assumption that the economic system is unstable, they adopted the Time Varying Coefficient (TVC) methodology, and found TVC specification outperforms the alternative constant parameter specifications of housing prices. Because most of the models have failed to predict the 1992 housing price downturn, part of further research was planned to use the TVC specification to examine the models forecasting ability beyond 1992. Using the data in the past 25 years of 6 European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK), Iacoviello (2002) established dynamics of house prices by using a tractable value at risk framework in a straightforward way, which we call SVAR model. He pointed out that house price inflation is highly sensitive to the forces driving economic fluctuations; different housing and credit market institutions play different role in the IS-LM Phillips curve paradigm, but this relationship might change with the changing of institutions; in addition, regulatory legal structure and new monetary policy also will affect that relationship (Iacoviello, 2002). Similarly, using the SVAR model, DeHaant and Sterken (2004) studied 13 developed countries real estate markets. Their results showed that, to one country, compared with stock, housing plays a more important role in consumption and output; when housing price raise 1%, consumption will raise 0.75%; when housing price raise 1.5%, GD P will raise 0.4% (DeHaant and Sterken, 2004). In the Asian market, Quigley (2002) pointed out that, although most of the existed models can generate patterns of housing price changes over time in response to varying conditions in economic fundamentals, there was little research on the effect of changes in property markets upon subsequent economic conditions. With his empirical study, he determined that economic fundamentals do not explain most of the variation in the housing prices in short run, and that there were many bubbles in Asian property market during the late 1990s (Quigley, 2002). At the same time, Miki Seko (2003) adopted the SVAR model to analyze the Japanese housing prices. In his paper, the results showed there is a strong relationship between Japanese housing market and its economic fundamentals; and by analyzing the economic factors, the development of the real estate market can be predicted (Miki Seko, 2003). It is clear that housing is not just a normal consumption goods, it is a large share of the overall macro-economy. Significant fluctuations in macro-economy would cause significant volatility in housing market. On the other hand, the volatility in housing market also implies the fluctuations in macro-economy. However, the interactive nexus between housing market and the different aspects of macro-economy is different. Thus, besides the studies that analyzed the macro fundamentals-housing market, some economists study from different angles to examine the interactive nexus between housing market and one or several specified macro variables. 2.3 macro-basic variables 2.3.1 Supply and demand Theoretically, price is determined by supply and demand sides. In the housing market, the relationship between supply and demand is formed by many macroeconomic factors, and with the changes in these factors, supply and demand continues to change. Therefore, some economists thought the greatest impact on housing prices comes from the supply and demand, and have dedicated their research in this area. Normally, in the real estate industry, the supply side is mainly affected by land price, facilities costs, construction tax, construction exploration and design cost, and so on. And, among them, land price is the most important factor. Since housing is a product, it is not just a demand price, but also a supply price. In the real estate economic activities, land purchase and development is the beginning and the foundation, and land purchase cost is the most important part of housing costs. From the supply perspective, the land price fluctuations are an important factor in housing price volatility. On the contrary, due to land supply is restricted by the natural; there is a lack of flexibility. Therefore, land price is mainly decided by its demand side, which is mainly composed by the real estate business. The real estate industry has a huge impact on the land market as well. In order to examine the interactive nexus between housing price and land price, Peng and Wheaton (1994) analyzed the Hong Kong market. Because Hong Kong is a small island with a fixed boundary, it would be clear what the influence of land supply on housing prices. Using a modified stock-flow model, their results showed that the supply restrictions in Hong Kong have caused higher housing prices but not lower housing output (Peng and Wheaton, 1994). Similar outcomes can be found in Alyousha and Tsoukis (1999) study. They employed the quarterly data from England and Wales from the period Q1, 1981-Q2, 1994 to explore the implications of intertemporal optimization for house and land prices (Alyousha and Tsoukis, 1999). Adopting a simple housing flow supply model, which is based on the Euler equation (Hall, 1978), they found that, under a perfect competition, house prices are co-integrated with land prices and house building costs. But, through the Granger test, Hall (1987) found housing price is not the land prices cause. Also, after an econometric analysis of American cities, Edward, Joseph and Hilber (2002) determined that land price was positively correlated with regional economic development, the level of human capital, and have no direct relationship with housing price. As for demand side, existing research usually examined from the aspects which are disposable income, GDP, property taxation, population and so on. There is a large diverse literature related to the housing and taxation because it is clearly that property taxation would directly affect the housing purchasing decisions, and further affect the housing demand. Just like United States, the tax system seems to favor housing ownership in many countries. Thus, Dimasi (1987) employed a computable, spatial general equilibrium model; and found out that differential tax treatment on land and capital can cause a significant social welfare loss. Many other general equilibrium models also found out tax policies that favor the housing sector would lead to a significantly negative impact on both housing sector and aggregate income. From another special perspective, Mankiw and Weil (1989) examined the relations between demography-induced changes in housing demand and real house prices in the United States. They thought that the Baby Boom generation into its house-buying ages was the major cause of the increase in housing prices in the 1970s and the housing demand would grow more slowly in the next decade because of the population structure. Changes in housing demand will further affect the housing price (Mankiw and Weil, 1989)). However, unlike the estimations of Mankiw and Weil (1989), Gary and James (1990) using postwar data from Canada, and found that even if the demographic patterns were similar in Canada and United States, the aggregate time series correlation between shifting demographics and real house prices is distinctly different. From the empirical analysis, they considered there is a statistically insignificant, but in most cases, demographic demand is negative associated with house prices (Gary and James, 1990). 2.3.2 Monetary policy Generally speaking, as an overall policy, monetary policy is mainly concerned to control the trend and fluctuations of aggregate demand; the impact on the real estate market and the sensitivity of the housing price should be limited. However, as the changing in the structure of global financial markets and developing in real estate industry, the nexus between them has become more and more close, financial sector has become an important reference index in the housing market. It is also proved in Alan, John and Brians (2005) study. They found, in eighteen major industrial countries, certain financial conditions (ample liquidity, low interest rates, and financial deregulation) were usually present in past housing price surges, and could conceivably raise the probability of the intensity or the occurrence of the rise. As for interest rate, considering from the supply side, when it decline, real estate investment and real estate mortgage loans will continuously pour into the real estate industry, and promote housing prices continuing to rise. But, as for the demand side increasing in interest rates will directly affect consumers credit repayment costs; so that some consumers would out of the housing market, which affecting the real estate demand, and further led to corresponding changes in real estate prices. By studying the impact of real and nominal interest rates on real estate prices, Harris (1989) thought that changes in real interest rates could explain the market price level; nominal interest rates affect housing price only when the real estate value is expected to rise. Among the monetary policy, bank credit and investment are the most important determinates. As the real estate industry is capital-intensive industry, and most of the funds come from the bank credit and investment, the change in bank load will significantly affect the supply of real estate industry. Besides, a large part of real estate loans are mortgage loans, the value of real estate products in the market determines the size of the loan amount in this industry. In 2004, Davis and Zhu (2004) discovered, in the long term, bank credit is positively correlated with house prices, and effect of housing price on the bank credit is very significant, but in their paper, the reverse impact was still uncertain. Matteo (2005) developed and estimated a monetary business cycle model with nominal loans and collateral constraints tied to housing values. Since collateral effects allow the model match the positive response of real spending to a housing prices shock, Matteo (2005) found fall in the housing prices will reinforced the impact negative monetary shock on real rate, consumption and output. Similarly, based on the Hong Kong sample, Gerlach and Pengs (2005) thought property prices would determine bank lending, but, it was interesting that they found bank lending does not appear to influence property prices in Hong Kong. 2.3.3 Cycles Empirical evidence shows that there is a cyclical movements and volatility in the housing market, and obviously, this kind of cyclical movements would relate to the economic cycles. Economics found that it would be useful and interesting to explore these movements in the housing market, thus many studies examined the housing-economy cycle relationship from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Greenwood and Hercowitz (1991) and Baxter (1996) build up a dynamic general equilibrium models to reproduce the co-movement of business and residential investment that observed in the US. Davis and Heathcote (2001) also considered that, in the US, the residential investment lead the cycle while the non-residential investment lags the cycle, and this co-movement between housing market and macro-economy has been documented for several countries. Also, economics often analyze real property market tie to long cycles. Gottlieb (1976) considered, the amplitudes of housing cycles are larger than typical business cycles, and the periodicity might be significantly longer than those of the business cycle. For instance, Ball (1998) showed, in UK, new commercial property cycles have a 10 years duration while they are independent of the business cycle. Employing the cross-country data and the Kalman Filter technique, Ball (1999) again found significant long cycles of new construction, which with periodicity of 20-30 years in both residential and non-residential real estate markets. As we can see, the importance and sensitivity of real estate prices attracted a large number of scholars to concerned. Based on the review above, the existing literatures are mainly adopting the cross-section data and time series data, so that the specific econometric methods of housing models are mostly focusing on: traditional ordinary least squares model (OLS), value at risk model (VAR), tractable value at risk framework in a straightforward way (SVAR), co-integration and so on. 2.4 Empirical evidence in the Chinese context Compare with developed countries, Chinese real estate market started relatively late. But along with Chinas rapid economic development, the real estate industry is also showing a good development trend. As real estate investment occupies a very high proportion of total investment in fixed assets, and the volatility in real estate market is closely related to macroeconomic and national policy, the issue of housing prices is not only related to a citys development, but also related to financial security and the living cost of ordinary people. Thus, Chinese economists have also attached great importance to the development of the real estate market, and conducted extensive research. However, since the late development of Chinas statistical system, the database is not perfect, most of the Chinese scholars just analyzed the relationship between housing market and macroeconomic theoretically, empirical studies are relatively small. 2.4.1 Fundamentals First, because of the importance impact of macro fundamentals on real estate prices, using appropriate data and models to estimate the nexus between them has always been the focus of Chinese economists. Adopting the housing index and macro fundamental data (1995-2002) of 14 cities, Shen and Liu (2004) employed a mixed regression, and empirically examined the relationship between housing prices and economic fundamentals. The results showed the impact of macro fundamentals on housing market is quite different in different cities. The explain model was significant affected by the city characteristics (Shen and Liu, 2004). Song and Wei (2009) using a co-integration and vector error modified model, and considered that, in long run, there is a long-term stability of the dynamic equilibrium between real estate prices and macroeconomic; but when short-term imbalances, it becomes into a negative feedback mechanism. Song and Wei (2009) also found that fluctuation of GDP and inflation is the Granger cause of housing price volatility and the impact of interest rates is not significant. Based on partial least-squares regression (PLS), Wang and Xie (2010) estimate the annual data of China within the period of 1999-2008. They thought land prices, capital size and national wealth are the top three factors that affect Chinas price changes at present; although the influence of long/middle-term loan rate is weak, money supply do play a very prominent role in Chinas housing prices volatility (Wang and Xie, 2010). In addition to the analysis of real estate market and macro fundamentals, Chinese economists also studied the housing market from different economic perspective and tie to their own national circumstances and policies. 2.4.2 Land price As the reforming of Chinese housing system and land system, the housing sales prices were climbing higher and higher until the financial crisis in 2008, but, after a short depression, the price still maintain the rising trend. General view is that, due to the land purchase cost is the main cost which constitute the housing costs, high land prices is the main reason of high housing prices. Especially after the Ministry of Land Resources released two new policy  [1]  of land sale, more people think that the skyrocketed of housing prices is because of the high land prices. The policies require that any commercial, tourist, entertainment, commercial housing and other kinds of business land must be transferred by tender, auction or listing mode. After the new land policies, the land transfer cost rose sharply; and almost in the same period, the housing prices have skyrocketed as well. Thus, from the point of view of China Real Estate Association, Yang (2003), Bao (2004) and Cheng (2004) thought since a large number of land transactions using auctions, land prices increased dramatically. And land purchase costs account for 30% percent of the housing prices, hence construction costs raised, further driving a rapidly rise in housing prices; this Cost-push theory was also supported by a large number of real estate developers (Yang, 2003; Bao, 2004; Cheng, 2004). But, Ministry of Land Resources hold the opposite view. Deputy Minister Fu (2006) considered that even if the tender, auction or listing transaction mode will lead an increase in land prices, it might not raise the housing price, the most important factor affecting housing prices is still supply and demand in the housing market. On the contrary, Fu (2006) thought, land is a production factor of real estate industry; the demand for land is generated by the demand for housing, therefore, huge demand in housing m arket and the rapidly increase in housing prices makes demand for land, and further drive the land prices rise. However, Wang and Wu (2009) did not agree both of them. Employing the panel data from 28 regions, they found, in China, although land prices promoting housing prices in long-run and housing prices driving an increase in land prices in both long-run and short-run, this mechanism depends on the region. Wand and Wu (2009) thought that the interaction between land prices and housing prices is different in different regions, so the relationship between them should be implement regional studies and cannot be generalized. 2.4.3 Bank credit After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, in order to stimulate economic growth, China implemented a proactive fiscal and monetary policy: repeatedly issued bonds, reduced interest rates several times, vigorously infrastructure; real estate industry become a national priority support industry and the financial sector continue to increase the real estate credit. But until now, Chinas banking system is still not perfect; most of the loans are mortgage loans, therefore, value of real estate products in the market will directly determine the size of credit. Typically, the credit will play two roles in the housing market. If the real estate prices cyclical rising, since financial institutions anticipate the housing prices can keep rising in the following, banks will relax lending conditions, thus, the increasing housing prices will directly lead to the upswing in real estate bank credit. Because of land and real estate products supply is very inelastic in the short-term, to some extent, the upswing in real estate bank credit will further push up house prices increase. By the same token, the decline in house prices leads to a decline in the quality of bank assets, reduce the size of bank funds, so banks will abate the amount of credit, which will further decrease the housing prices. Based on the panel data of credit and housing market, Li (2004) considered that among Chinas current macro-economic control policy, credit policy play the most significant role in the real estate market. He also believed the flexibility of supply side and demand side is different, so the impact of monetary policy on the supply is greater than that on demand (Li, 2004). Employing the error correction model and VAR model, Zhong and Yan (2009) thought that there existed a stable equilibrium relationship between the volatility of real estate prices and credit in long-run. After the Granger test, Zhong and Yan (2009) found real estate prices and the amount of real estate credit influence each other and they both are the Granger cause for each other. Studying on the East Asian financial crisis, Xiang and Li (2005) also believed bank credit expansion played a very important role in the formation of the real estate bubble in East Asian countries. Thus, in order to ensure the health of Chinas real estate development, it should strengthen the financial system construction and regulation (Xiang and Li, 2005). 2.4.4 Others In addition, through calculating the Lerner index  [2]  (Lerner, 1934) of the real estate market in China, Li (2005) considered the level of monopoly in Chinas real estate market is very high. Even if as the market economy developing, the competition in the real estate market will gradually get better, but this process will be very slow (Li, 2005). And from another special perspective, Yin (2010) thought the existence of North paradox  [3]  behavior (North, 1981) in the local government is an important cause of housing price fluctuations. Local government is lack of intrinsic motivation to stabilize the real estate market; local governments various rescue policies are also mainly based on the purpose of obtain more land transfer fees; thus just depends on local governments behavior can not maintain healthy and sustainable development of the real estate market, the central government should implement more effective macroeconomic policies (Yin, 2010). Comparing with foreign literatures, Chinas real estate market research also adopting cross-section data, time series data, especially panel data. Relevant econometric methods are: co-integration approach, Granger test, error correction model (ECM), and panel data model; in the meantime, the analysis about the impact of macroeconomic policy is also Chinese economists priority concerns. 2.5 Deficiencies However, for the following aspects, Chinas research is still inadequate: The studies on macroeconomic policy are more focused on the theoretical analysis; they are lack of a comprehensive empirical analysis. Currently, the analysis of macroeconomic fluctuations is mainly under an assumption of closed economy. But, with economic globalization, Chinas real estate market will be more affected by international economic development, so the discussion of the relationship between the real estate prices and macro economic fluctuations that under an open economy is more meaningful. There is no analysis of government expenditure in Chinas real estate literatures. However, according to macroeconomic theory, government investment will promote private investment, thereby affecting the real estate investment and price. So, the empirical quantitative estimation about the real estate prices and government spending will contribute to the in-depth analysis of the relationship between the government and the real estate market.

The Reporter & the Screenwriter Essay examples -- Analysis, Nathanael

The late Steve Jobs in his 2005 commencement address at Stanford University eloquently traced the imprint of a calligraphy class he had taken at Reed College years before to the creation of today’s worldwide standard in computer typography. Esteemed architect Frank Gehry can trace the imprint of his college job working in a museum to his current success, and moreover can trace the imprint of a different piece of art to each one of the buildings he has created. President Bill Clinton can trace the imprint of witnessing Martin Luther King, Jr.’s 1963 â€Å"I have a Dream† speech to his decision to devote his life to politics. However, in regards to the novelist and tracing the imprint of their work, it appears the dominate voice echoing through the pages of their novel is life experience. Two such novels that trace their imprint from life experience are Sister Carrie by former newspaper reporter Theodore Dreiser, and The Day of the Locust by screenwriter Nathanael West. In obvious ways Sister Carrie shares its subject matter with the newspaper. As it is well-known, the model for Sister Carrie’s main character is Dreiser’s sister Emma, who fled from Chicago to New York with her married lover after he stole money from the saloon where he worked. Dreiser based the character of Sister Carrie on family experience, but the novel’s origins are journalistic as well as personal. The entire New York City section of Sister Carrie, with its dual emphasis on the glamorous world of the theatre and the miserable existence of the tramp, mirrors actual newspaper stories of both Broadway and the Bowery. Men similar to Hurstwood in his downward spiral could be easily found in the newspaper. Dreiser may have written an article about a trap who, like ... ...dull, heavy labor,† West writes of the transplanted Midwesterner, â€Å"Their boredom becomes more and more terrible. They realize that they’ve been tricked and burn with resentment. Every day of their lives they read the newspapers and went to the movies. Both fed them on lynching, murder, sex crimes, explosions, wrecks, love nests, fires, miracles, revolutions, wars†¦ They have been cheated and betrayed† (West 177-178). The riot at the gala premier at the end of the novel is their revenge on the false promises of movies. Two very different stories written by men who let their life experience trace an imprint through the pages of their novels. Theodore Dreiser with the traces of the who, what, where, when and why of the newspaper reporter and Nathanael West with the traces of montage and dialogue of the screenwriter - both leaving their unending imprint as novelists.

In Man and Superman Shaw Was Not Writing a Regular Play Essay

In Man and Superman Shaw was not writing a regular play; he only united up dialogue, discussion, arguments for the purpose of making them appear as plays. Still the incidents of situations in the play do in one way or the other perpetuate the pursuit of man by woman—of Tanner by Ann. The most interesting is the Hell Scene where the traditional Don Giovanni motif is most comically inverted in the spirit of parody to substantiate Shaw’s thesis that it is the woman basically who is boa-constrictor from whom the new Don Juan flies away to save his person. The Hell Scene has been grafted on the plot from outside and it does not grow from the soil of the story. Its central business is to highlight the central motive of the play—the chase of man by woman as part of the process of Creative Evolution as well as the edification of hell as a most dynamic, therefore desirable condition of existence which ensures happiness of humanity. The metamorphosis of the characters like Tanner and Ann suiting the atmosphere is amazing; but soon the dramatic interest wanes as the arguments start rattling the pros and cons of the Scene. From the point of view of the force of the arguments the Hell Scene has significance, otherwise it looks just bizarre and from the point of view of the force of the plot extraneous. It cannot be denied that the Hell Scene is a most powerful tour-de-force of Shaw’s imagination. Shaw had added to the play a lengthy Preface, rich in thought and content and at the end we get the Revolutionist’s Hand Book and Pocket Companion. The overriding Shavian pre-occupation with his philosophy gets to be continued in Hell Scene. Whenever Shae has an opportunity, he expresses his views (although comically) on happiness, love, marriage, sex relations, women, art, socialism, democracy, industrialisation, religion, morality, virtue, sin, death, peace, war, slavery and a host of other topics. Shaw has been impartial enough to allow even the Devil to have his say and freely express his point of view. The spur behind all this is the assumption that woman is far from weak and helpless and that sexually woman is Nature’s contrivance for the perpetuation of human race. A more intimidating fact is, sexually man is woman’s contrivance for fulfilling nature’s behest in the best possible way. Possessed by the blind fury of creation, woman searches for a male biologically most desirable and when she finds him, she is most ruthless in her pursuit of him. The Don Juan in Hell Scene lifts up this basic theme of life-Force and Creative Evolution with Superman and Superwoman into the realm of Shavian-Socratic dialogue. Shaw comically swaps the Superman of Nietzsche (who was a ruthless being and an embodiment of might! ) by a new Don Juan; Tanner who sees life as co-operation with woman in its upward struggle. If the evolutionist’s account is accurate, life has developed in the waters of the ocean and the slime of the beaches until it reached the gigantic and long since extinct creatures that peopled the earth in pre-historic times. In his vision Tanner hears Don Juan say this to him. Life is a force which has made innumerable experiments in organising itself. He further tells him that as long as he can conceive something better than himself, he cannot be easy unless he is striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it: â€Å"That is the law of my life. That is the working within me of life’s incessant aspiration to higher organisation, wider, deeper, intense, self-consciousness and clearer self-understanding. † The Devil in his turn expresses himself eloquently and forcibly about man’s conduct in the world and takes a pessimistic view of him. He holds that human beings are both stupid and evil and on the road to utter destruction. Shaw makes a firm distinction in the process between his two functions as writer: the function of an essayist on the one hand and on the other, that of a playwright. The important difference is that a playwright has to put on the stage a number of characters whose opinions differ and clash for the vital element in drama in conflict. It may be physical conflict, the conflict of emotions, of ideas or even of beliefs. The audience watches and hastens to the conflict; it hears the characters putting forward opposing views; and having heard the arguments the members of the audience use their own thinking powers and reach their own conclusions. Much of what is said by the Devil in Man and Superman is fair statement of the parts of human behaviour is endorsed in other plays by Shaw. What is in doubt is the conclusion the Devil draws from the facts. Can man be saved from his own destructive tendencies? The Devil declares that he cannot. Don Juan believes that he can if he is given the great idea to live for—the great idea, for example, that man can, if he wills, can carry out the divine purpose (read the purpose of Life-Force). The brain will not fail when the will is earnest to Life, the force behind the Man, and intellect is a necessity because without it he blunders into death. Just as Life, after ages of struggle, evolved that wonderful bodily organ, the eye, so that the living organism ould see where it was going and what was going and what was coming to help or threaten, and thus avoid a thousand dangers that finally slew it, so it is evolving to date in mind’s that shall see, not the physical world, but the purpose of Life, and thereby enable the individual to work for that purpose instead of thwarting and baffling it by setting up short-sighted personal aims as present: â€Å"I sing not arms and the Hero but the philosophic man; he who seeks in contemplation to discover the inner will of the world, in invention to discover the means of fulfilling that will and in action to do that will. The supreme triumph of Shaw’s dramaturgical dialectics is to be found in the renewal of renovation of the 18th century image of Don Juan or rather the Spanish Don Giovanni. It is important because Tanner receives the mantle of the incendiary from this super human image. Of course, the method has been one of conversion of old materials in to 19th century terms, both thematic and technical. He rejects altogether the schism oIn Man and Superman Shaw was not writing a regular play; he only united up dialogue, discussion, arguments for the purpose of making them appear as plays. Still the incidents of situations in the play do in one way or the other perpetuate the pursuit of man by woman—of Tanner by Ann. The most interesting is the Hell Scene where the traditional Don Giovanni motif is most comically inverted in the spirit of parody to substantiate Shaw’s thesis that it is the woman basically who is boa-constrictor from whom the new Don Juan flies away to save his person. The Hell Scene has been grafted on the plot from outside and it does not grow from the soil of the story. Its central business is to highlight the central motive of the play—the chase of man by woman as part of the process of Creative Evolution as well as the edification of hell as a most dynamic, therefore desirable condition of existence which ensures happiness of humanity. The metamorphosis of the characters like Tanner and Ann suiting the atmosphere is amazing; but soon the dramatic interest wanes as the arguments start rattling the pros and cons of the Scene. From the point of view of the force of the arguments the Hell Scene has significance, otherwise it looks just bizarre and from the point of view of the force of the plot extraneous. It cannot be denied that the Hell Scene is a most powerful tour-de-force of Shaw’s imagination. Shaw had added to the play a lengthy Preface, rich in thought and content and at the end we get the Revolutionist’s Hand Book and Pocket Companion. The overriding Shavian pre-occupation with his philosophy gets to be continued in Hell Scene. Whenever Shae has an opportunity, he expresses his views (although comically) on happiness, love, marriage, sex relations, women, art, socialism, democracy, industrialisation, religion, morality, virtue, sin, death, peace, war, slavery and a host of other topics. Shaw has been impartial enough to allow even the Devil to have his say and freely express his point of view. The spur behind all this is the assumption that woman is far from weak and helpless and that sexually woman is Nature’s contrivance for the perpetuation of human race. A more intimidating fact is, sexually man is woman’s contrivance for fulfilling nature’s behest in the best possible way. Possessed by the blind fury of creation, woman searches for a male biologically most desirable and when she finds him, she is most ruthless in her pursuit of him. The Don Juan in Hell Scene lifts up this basic theme of life-Force and Creative Evolution with Superman and Superwoman into the realm of Shavian-Socratic dialogue. Shaw comically swaps the Superman of Nietzsche (who was a ruthless being and an embodiment of might! ) by a new Don Juan; Tanner who sees life as co-operation with woman in its upward struggle. If the evolutionist’s account is accurate, life has developed in the waters of the ocean and the slime of the beaches until it reached the gigantic and long since extinct creatures that peopled the earth in pre-historic times. In his vision Tanner hears Don Juan say this to him. Life is a force which has made innumerable experiments in organising itself. He further tells him that as long as he can conceive something better than himself, he cannot be easy unless he is striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it: â€Å"That is the law of my life. That is the working within me of life’s incessant aspiration to higher organisation, wider, deeper, intense, self-consciousness and clearer self-understanding. † The Devil in his turn expresses himself eloquently and forcibly about man’s conduct in the world and takes a pessimistic view of him. He holds that human beings are both stupid and evil and on the road to utter destruction. Shaw makes a firm distinction in the process between his two functions as writer: the function of an essayist on the one hand and on the other, that of a playwright. The important difference is that a playwright has to put on the stage a number of characters whose opinions differ and clash for the vital element in drama in conflict. It may be physical conflict, the conflict of emotions, of ideas or even of beliefs. The audience watches and hastens to the conflict; it hears the characters putting forward opposing views; and having heard the arguments the members of the audience use their own thinking powers and reach their own conclusions. Much of what is said by the Devil in Man and Superman is fair statement of the parts of human behaviour is endorsed in other plays by Shaw. What is in doubt is the conclusion the Devil draws from the facts. Can man be saved from his own destructive tendencies? The Devil declares that he cannot. Don Juan believes that he can if he is given the great idea to live for—the great idea, for example, that man can, if he wills, can carry out the divine purpose (read the purpose of Life-Force). The brain will not fail when the will is earnest to Life, the force behind the Man, and intellect is a necessity because without it he blunders into death. Just as Life, after ages of struggle, evolved that wonderful bodily organ, the eye, so that the living organism could see where it was going and what was going and what was coming to help or threaten, and thus avoid a thousand dangers that finally slew it, so it is evolving to date in mind’s that shall see, not the physical world, but the purpose of Life, and thereby enable the individual to work for that purpose instead of thwarting and baffling it by setting up short-sighted personal aims as present: â€Å"I sing not arms and the Hero but the philosophic man; he who seeks in contemplation to discover the inner will of the world, in invention to discover the means of fulfilling that will and in action to do that will. † The supreme triumph of Shaw’s dramaturgical dialectics is to be found in the renewal of renovation of the 18th century image of Don Juan or rather the Spanish Don Giovanni. It is important because Tanner receives the mantle of the incendiary from this super human image. Of course, the method has been one of conversion of old materials in to 19th century terms, both thematic and technical. He rejects altogether the schism of Byron and Tanner can be the rake or a mindless Philanderer as Byron’s Don Juan has been. Shaw’s claim to be returning to a pristine Don Juan is valid to the extent that the theme had originally been less of psychological than of philosophical or even indeed theological interest. It is true that Don Juan runs away from them only after possessing them. Tanner in Shaw’s play runs away rather to prevent them from possessing them. That old motif has been deliberately turned upside down in a vein of parody, embodying Shaw’s standard new motif. Shaw substituted an utterly Scribean closed structure. The Don Juan episode in Act II is neither a well-made play, nor a portion of a well-made play. It stands out apart as something appropriately more austere and august. As Eric Bentley points out, â€Å"It is not a traditional work of any kind, not even a Platonic dialogue, the relation between Socrates and his interlocutors being quite different. † Nor is it s debate for two of the speakers, the Commander and Ann hardly present arguments at all. They simply represent a point of view. Do even the Devil and Don Juan discuss anything between them? A Devil is scarcely a being one can convert to a cause: â€Å"and if the Don is busy convincing anyone it is himself. † Certainly it is the philosophy of Bernard Shaw that he parrot-preaches. But one doubts if persuasion is exercised by that on the audience. Rather, the contribution of the four presences come together as a vision of life and an intimating of super-life—Man and Superman. The comedy of John Tanner of the vision of Don Juan Tenoria—Shaw and counter-Shaw thesis and antithesis are to be sure, of separate interests, and yet, as usual, the great Shavian achievement is to have related one to the other. Tanner seems a wise man, proves a fool. Don Juan passes for philanderer but proves an explorer and a missionary of the truth. In our trivial, tawdry, clever, Scribean world intellect is futile and ever at the mercy of instinct. Take away the episode in Hell and Shaw has written an anti-intellectual comedy! The episode assigns to the intellect the highest role. No longer, therefore, is Ann the centre and source of things—only a possible mother for Superman. Here Don Juan dominates. Here (or rather in Heaven) intellect is at home, and the Don is cured of that occupational disease of Shavian Heroes of homelessness. â€Å"He comes to a good end†Ã¢â‚¬â€only it is not an end, it’s an episode, and from these celestial infernal heights we must descend to earth with the shock of Shavian anti-climax, to earth and to tanner, from Superman. f Byron and Tanner can be the rake or a mindless Philanderer as Byron’s Don Juan has been. Shaw’s claim to be returning to a pristine Don Juan is valid to the extent that the theme had originally been less of psychological than of philosophical or even indeed theological interest. It is true that Don Juan runs away from them only after possessing them. Tanner in Shaw’s play runs away rather to prevent them from possessing them. That old motif has been deliberately turned upside down in a vein of parody, embodying Shaw’s standard new motif. Shaw substituted an utterly Scribean closed structure. The Don Juan episode in Act II is neither a well-made play, nor a portion of a well-made play. It stands out apart as something appropriately more austere and august. As Eric Bentley points out, â€Å"It is not a traditional work of any kind, not even a Platonic dialogue, the relation between Socrates and his interlocutors being quite different. † Nor is it s debate for two of the speakers, the Commander and Ann hardly present arguments at all. They simply represent a point of view. Do even the Devil and Don Juan discuss anything between them? A Devil is scarcely a being one can convert to a cause: â€Å"and if the Don is busy convincing anyone it is himself. † Certainly it is the philosophy of Bernard Shaw that he parrot-preaches. But one doubts if persuasion is exercised by that on the audience. Rather, the contribution of the four presences come together as a vision of life and an intimating of super-life—Man and Superman. The comedy of John Tanner of the vision of Don Juan Tenoria—Shaw and counter-Shaw thesis and antithesis are to be sure, of separate interests, and yet, as usual, the great Shavian achievement is to have related one to the other. Tanner seems a wise man, proves a fool. Don Juan passes for philanderer but proves an explorer and a missionary of the truth. In our trivial, tawdry, clever, Scribean world intellect is futile and ever at the mercy of instinct. Take away the episode in Hell and Shaw has written an anti-intellectual comedy! The episode assigns to the intellect the highest role. No longer, therefore, is Ann the centre and source of things—only a possible mother for Superman. Here Don Juan dominates. Here (or rather in Heaven) intellect is at home, and the Don is cured of that occupational disease of Shavian Heroes of homelessness. â€Å"He comes to a good end†Ã¢â‚¬â€only it is not an end, it’s an episode, and from these celestial infernal heights we must descend to earth with the shock of Shavian anti-climax, to earth and to tanner, from Superman.

Is Sex Education Necessary in School - 1123 Words

Is Sex Education Necessary in School? By: Zainul Jum’ah Introducing sex education in the schools of India is an important issue. A 2007 ministry of women and child development study shows that over 50 percent of children are sexually abused. Sex is still considered a taboo in India. Parents feel embarrassed to talk openly with their children in this regard. Due to the ignorance of sex education they fall victim to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Many NGOs are trying to create awareness on AIDS. Sex education can help people to take decisions regarding health and sexuality. It is high time for sex-education to the introduced in schools for the benefit of the youth of the country. Introducing sex-education in the schools†¦show more content†¦This could make the children open up their problems and help the parents root out the cause. Interaction with the friends of their children also would give an idea about their background and the minds of the younger lot. The parents should take in their children as confidants and warm them against developing friendships with immoral friends. There has been a rise in incidents of physical abuse to children. According to a WHO study over 50 percent children have faced one or more forms of sexual abuse. Children fall victim to the advances of elders. According to a survey, 50 percent children are abused by people known to them. They keep silent and live with the trauma throughout their lives. Sex education can supply our young people with the tools to report and resist abusive behaviors, and provide them with a forum for expressing their fears and feelings honestly and openly. In a world, full of exploitation, children are the most vulnerable section of our society. They need to be taught the difference between gentle touch and bad touch in order to protect themselves from various forms of child abuse. Many psychologists have argued that sex education has the potential to liberate us from socially organized sexual oppression. In addition it helps adolescents come to healthy terms with their sexual identities and overcome feelings of guilt shame. During the period of adolescence childrenShow MoreRelatedGrounded Theory Guided The Identification Of Important Themes1090 Words   |  5 Pages1990). Results A total of 23 young adult males with average age of 21.7 years [range 18-25], with various religious backgrounds and level of education participated in the study. About 18 participants had completed their secondary school and just started college while another five had college-level education, and two were pursuing graduate level education. Two-thirds (n=15) of the participants reported their religion as Hindu (63%) and the remainder as Muslim (37%). While nine of the participantsRead MoreEssay The Argument of Sex Education in School1227 Words   |  5 Pages Audience Analysis: I am writing to the seven chairmen of the ___ County School Board. They are a made up of a group of five men and two women. They are most likely all parents who have a common concern on the material being taught on the issue of Sex Education in schools. Fellow parents vote on them to insure that they make the correct decisions on what their kids are learning in school. They are all from some form of the Christian religion. They are from ages 30 and older. They representRead MoreDana Hall Co-Educational .Doc937 Words   |  4 Pagesembrace co-education as opposed to single-sex education for their all girl boarding school? Right now it appears that given how strong some of the individuals in leadership feel as well as the teachers of the school that Dana Hall should remain a single-sex educational system. 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Sex is a natural part of life, and when questions arise, they can be discussed in a matured way without condoning certain behavior. Relying to that, we realize that sex education is important to be inserted in a persons life. Therefore, s ex education in highRead MoreSex Education in Schools657 Words   |  3 PagesSex Education in Schools Nineteen-fifty five marked the debut of sex education programs in schools in the United States. Along the years, many have argued whether or not sex education should be taught in schools. 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